Cam khwb cia hlau yog cov khoom siv ntau yam thiab siv dav hauv ntau lub lag luam thoob ntiaj teb. Nws yog ib hom hlau uas yog tsim los ntawm melting hlau thiab hlau alloy nrog carbon thiab lwm yam kab kawm. Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov hlau casting yog nchuav cov hlau molten rau hauv cov pwm tshwj xeeb thiab tso cai rau nws kom khov thiab txias.
Cam khwb cia hlau muaj ntau yam zoo dua lwm yam ntaub ntawv, xws li siab zog, hnav tsis kam, thiab durability. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tham txog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov cam khwb cia hlau.
Hlau
Hlau yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cam khwb cia hlau. Nws yog lub luag haujlwm rau lub zog thiab kav ntev ntawm cov hlau. Cov hlau siv nyob rau hauv cam khwb cia hlau feem ntau yog tau los ntawm npua hlau, uas yog ib yam khoom ntawm smelting hlau ore nyob rau hauv lub blast furnace. Npua hlau muaj carbon, silicon, sulfur, thiab lwm yam impurities, uas tau muab tshem tawm thaum lub sij hawm casting txheej txheem. Cov ntsiab lus hlau hauv cam khwb cia hlau feem ntau yog nruab nrab ntawm 95 thiab 98 feem pua.
Cov pa roj carbon
Carbon yog lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau cam khwb cia. Nws yog ntxiv rau cov hlau thaum lub sij hawm casting txheej txheem los txhim kho nws lub zog thiab hardness. Tus nqi ntawm cov pa roj carbon ntxiv rau cov hlau yog nyob ntawm qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom kawg. Cam khwb cia hlau tuaj yeem muaj cov ntsiab lus carbon tsawg dua li ntawm 0.1 feem pua mus rau ntau dua 2 feem pua. Cov pa roj carbon tsawg yog siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov uas yuav tsum muaj qib siab ductility, thaum high-carbon steel yog siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov uas xav tau hardness thiab hnav tsis kam.
Manganese
Manganese ntxiv rau cam khwb cia hlau los txhim kho nws cov toughness thiab lub zog. Nws kuj tseem pab txo qhov brittleness ntawm cov hlau. Manganese feem ntau yog ntxiv nyob rau hauv ntau npaum li ntawm 0.30 mus rau 1.50 feem pua. Kev siv cov manganese hauv cam khwb cia hlau ua rau cov hlau uas tiv taus hnav thiab tsim kua muag.
Silicon
Silicon yog ntxiv rau cam khwb cia hlau los txhim kho nws cov kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab oxidation. Nws kuj tseem pab txhim kho qhov fluidity ntawm cov hlau thaum lub sij hawm casting txheej txheem. Tus nqi ntawm silicon ntxiv rau cam khwb cia hlau yog li ntawm 0.20 mus rau 1.30 feem pua. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm silicon kuj tseem txhim kho cov hluav taws xob conductivity ntawm cov hlau, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev siv hluav taws xob.
Sulfur
Sulfur yog ntxiv rau cam khwb cia hlau me me los txhim kho nws cov machinability. Nws tsim ib qho kev sib xyaw nrog manganese, hu ua manganese sulfide, uas ua rau cov hlau yooj yim dua txiav thiab xyaum. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau cov leej faj tuaj yeem txo cov ductility ntawm cov hlau thiab ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau kev tawg.
Phosphorus
Phosphorus yog lwm cov khoom uas tau ntxiv rau cov hlau cam kom txhim kho nws cov khoom siv. Zoo li leej faj, nws tsim ib qho kev sib xyaw nrog manganese, uas yuav pab txo qis kev tsim cov pa phem thaum lub sij hawm casting txheej txheem. Phosphorus feem ntau yog ntxiv nyob rau hauv ntau npaum li ntawm {{0}}.03 mus rau 0.08 feem pua.
Cam khwb cia hlau yog cov khoom siv ntau yam thiab ruaj khov, ua tsaug rau nws cov khoom sib txawv. Hlau, carbon, manganese, silicon, sulfur, thiab phosphorus yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cam khwb cia hlau. Txhua yam ntawm cov khoom no ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom kawg. Kev sib xyaw kom zoo ntawm cov khoom no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov hlau cam khwb cia zoo uas tuaj yeem tiv taus cov kev ntxhov siab ntawm ntau yam kev siv hauv kev lag luam.